PREAMBLE
 

 PART I. INTRODUCTION

 Article 1. Use of terms and scope
 

 PART II. TERRITORIAL SEA AND CONTIGUOUS ZONE

 SECTION  1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

 Article  2. Legal status of the territorial sea, of the air space over the territorial sea and of its bed and subsoil

 SECTION  2. LIMITS OF THE TERRITORIAL SEA

 Article  3. Breadth of the territorial sea
 Article  4. Outer limit of the territorial sea
 Article  5. Normal baseline
 Article  6. Reefs
 Article  7. Straight baselines
 Article  8. Internal waters
 Article  9. Mouths of rivers
 Article 10. Bays
 Article 11. Ports
 Article 12. Roadsteads
 Article 13. Low-tide elevations
 Article 14. Combination of methods for determining baselines
 Article 15. Delimitation of the territorial sea between States with  opposite or adjacent coasts
 Article 16. Charts and lists of geographical co-ordinates

 SECTION  3. INNOCENT PASSAGE IN THE TERRITORIAL SEA

 Subsection A. Rules Applicable to all Ships

 Article 17. Right of innocent passage
 Article 18. Meaning of passage
 Article 19. Meaning of innocent passage
 Article 20. Submarines and other underwater vehicles
 Article 21. Law and regulations of the coastal State relating to  innocent passage
 Article 22. Sea lanes and traffic separation schemes  in  the  territorial sea
  Article 23. Foreign nuclear-powered ships and ships carrying nuclear  or other inherently dangerous or noxious substances
 Article 24. Duties of the coastal State
 Article 25. Rights of protection of the coastal State
 Article 26. Charges which may be levied upon foreign ships

 Subsection B. Rules Applicable to Merchant Ships and Government Ships
 Operated for Commercial Purposes

 Article 27. Criminal jurisdiction on board a foreign ship
 Article 28. Civil jurisdiction in relation to foreign ships

 Subsection C. Rules Applicable to Warships and Other Government Ships
 Operated for Non-Commercial Purposes

 Article 29. Definition of warships
 Article 30. Non-compliance by warships with the laws and regulations  of the coastal State
 Article 31. Responsibility of the flag State for damage caused by a  warship or other government ship-operated for non-commercial purposes
 Article 32. Immunities of warships and other government ships operated for non-commercial purposes

 SECTION  4. CONTIGUOUS ZONE

 Article 33. Contiguous zone
 

 PART III. STRAITS USED FOR INTERNATIONAL NAVIGATION

 SECTION  1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

 Article 34. Legal status of waters forming straits used for international navigation
 Article 35. Scope of this Part
 Article 36. High seas routes or routes through exclusive economic zones through straits used for international navigation

 SECTION 2. TRANSIT PASSAGE

 Article 37. Scope of this section
 Article 38. Right of transit passage
 Article 39. Duties of ships and aircraft during transit passage
 Article 40. Research and survey activities
 Article 41. Sea lanes and traffic separation schemes in straits used for international navigation
 Article 42. Laws and regulations of States bordering straits relating to transit passage 
 Article 43. Navigational and safety aids and other improvements and the prevention, reduction and control of pollution
 Article 44. Duties of States bordering straits

 SECTION 3. INNOCENT PASSAGE

 Article 45. Innocent passage
 

 PART IV. ARCHIPELAGIC STATES

 Article 46. Use of terms
 Article 47. Archipelagic baselines
 Article 48. Measurement of the breadth of the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf
 Article 49. Legal status of archipelagic waters, of the air space over archipelagic waters and of their bed and subsoil
 Article 50. Delimitation of internal waters
 Article 51. Existing agreements, traditional fishing rights and existing submarine cables
 Article 52. Right of innocent passage
 Article 53. Right of archipelagic sea lanes passage
 Article 54. Duties of ships and aircraft during their passage, research and survey activities, duties of the archipelagic State and laws  and  regulations of the archipelagic State  relating  to archipelagic sea lanes passage
 

 PART V. EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE

 Article 55. Specific legal regime of the exclusive economic zone
 Article 56. Rights, jurisdiction and duties of the coastal State in the exclusive economic zone
 Article 57. Breadth of the exclusive economic zone
 Article 58. Rights and duties of other States in the exclusive economic zone
 Article 59. Basis for the resolution of conflicts regarding the
 attribution of rights and jurisdiction in the exclusive economic zone
 Article 60. Artificial islands, installations and structures in the
 exclusive economic zone
 Article 61. Conservation of the living resources
 Article 62. Utilization of the living resources
 Article 63. Stocks occurring within the exclusive economic zones of two or more coastal States or both within the exclusive economic zone and in an area beyond and adjacent to it 
 Article 64. Highly migratory species
 Article 65. Marine mammals
 Article 66. Anadromous stocks
 Article 67. Catadromous species
 Article 68. Sedentary species
 Article 69. Right of land-locked States
 Article 70. Right of geographically disadvantaged States
 Article 71. Non-applicability of articles 69 and 70
 Article 72. Restrictions on transfer of rights
 Article 73. Enforcement of laws and regulations of the coastal State
 Article 74. Delimitation of the exclusive economic zone between States with opposite or adjacent coasts
 Article 75. Charts and lists of geographical co-ordinates
 

 PART VI. CONTINENTAL SHELF

 Article 76. Definition of the continental shelf
 Article 77. Rights of the coastal State over the continental shelf
 Article 78. Legal status of the superjacent waters and air space and the rights and freedoms of other States
 Article 79. Submarine cables and pipelines on the continental shelf
 Article 80. Artificial islands, installations and structures on the continental shelf
 Article 81. Drilling on the continental shelf
 Article 82.  Payments and contributions with  respect  to  the exploitation of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles
 Article 83. Delimitation of the continental shelf between States with opposite or adjacent coasts
 Article 84. Charts and lists of geographical co-ordinates
 Article 85. Tunnelling
 

 PART VII. HIGH SEAS

 SECTION 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

 Article 86. Application of the provisions of this Part
 Article 87. Freedom of the high seas
 Article 88. Reservation of the high seas for peaceful purposes
 Article 89. Invalidity of claims of sovereignty over the high seas
 Article 90. Right of navigation
 Article 91. Nationality of ships
 Article 92. Status of ships
 Article 93. Ships flying the flag of the United Nations,  its specialized agencies and the International Atomic Energy Agency
 Article 94. Duties of the flag State
 Article 95. Immunity of warships on the high seas
 Article 96. Immunity of ships used only on government non-commercial service
 Article 97. Penal jurisdiction in matters of collision or any other incident of navigation
 Article 98. Duty to render assistance
 Article 99. Prohibition of the transport of slaves
 Article 100. Duty to co-operate in the repression of piracy
 Article 101. Definition of piracy
 Article 102. Piracy by a warship, government ship or government aircraft whose crew has mutinied
 Article 103. Definition of a pirate ship or aircraft
 Article 104. Retention or loss of the nationality of a pirate ship or aircraft
 Article 105. Seizure of a pirate ship or aircraft
 Article 106. Liability for seizure without adequate grounds
 Article 107. Ships and aircraft which are entitled to seize on account of piracy
 Article 108. Illicit traffic in narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances
 Article 109. Unauthorized broadcasting from the high seas
 Article 110. Right of visit
 Article 111. Right of hot pursuit
 Article 112. Right to lay submarine cables and pipelines
 Article 113. Breaking or injury of a submarine cable or pipeline
 Article 114. Breaking or injury by owners of a submarine cable or pipeline of another submarine cable or pipeline
 Article 115. Indemnity for loss incurred in avoiding injury to a submarine cable or pipeline

 SECTION 2. CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE
 LIVING RESOURCES OF THE HIGH SEAS

 Article 116. Right to fish on the high seas
 Article 117. Duty of States to adopt with respect to their nationals measures for the conservation of the living resources of the high seas
 Article 118. Co-operation of States in the conservation and management of living resources
 Article 119. Conservation of the living resources of the high seas
 Article 120. Marine mammals
 

 PART VIII. REGIME OF ISLANDS

 Article 121. Regime of islands
 

 PART IX. ENCLOSED OR SEMI-ENCLOSED SEAS

 Article 122. Definition
 Article 123. Co-operation of States bordering enclosed or semi-enclosed seas
 

 PART X. RIGHT OF ACCESS OF LAND-LOCKED STATES TO AND FROM THE SEA AND FREEDOM OF TRANSIT

 Article 124. Use of terms
 Article 125. Right of access to and from the sea and freedom of transit
 Article 126. Exclusion of application of the most-favoured nation clause
 Article 127. Customs duties, taxes and other charges
 Article 128. Free zones and other customs facilities
 Article 129. Co-operation in the construction and improvement of means of transport
 Article 130. Measures to avoid or eliminate delays or other difficulties of a technical nature in traffic in transit
 Article 131. Equal treatment in maritime ports
 Article 132. Grant of greater transit facilities
 

 PART XI. THE AREA

 SECTION 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

 Article 133. Use of terms
 Article 134. Scope of this Part
 Article 135. Legal status of the superjacent waters and air space

 SECTION 2. PRINCIPLES GOVERNING THE AREA

 Article 136. Common heritage of mankind
 Article 137. Legal status of the Area and its resources
 Article 138. General conduct of States in relation to the Area
 Article 139. Responsibility to ensure compliance and liability for damage
 Article 140. Benefit of mankind
 Article 141. Use of the Area exclusively for peaceful purposes
 Article 142. Rights and legitimate interests of coastal States
 Article 143. Marine scientific research
 Article 144. Transfer of technology
 Article 145. Protection of the marine environment
 Article 146. Protection of human life
 Article 147. Accommodation of activities in the Area and in the marine environment
 Article 148. Participation of developing States in activities in the Area
 Article 149. Archaeological and historical objects

 SECTION 3. DEVELOPMENT OF RES0URCES OF THE AREA

 Article 150. Policies relating to activities in the Area
 Article 151. Production policies
 Article 152. Exercise of powers and functions by the Authority
 Article 153. System of exploration and exploitation
 Article 154. Periodic review
 Article 155. The Review Conference

 SECTION 4. THE AUTHORITY

 Subsection A. General Provisions

 Article 156. Establishment of the Authority
 Article 157. Nature and fundamental principles of the Authority
 Article 158. Organs of the Authority

 Subsection B. The Assembly

 Article 159. Composition, procedure and voting
 Article 160. Powers and functions

 Subsection C. The Council

 Article 161. Composition, procedure and voting
 Article 162. Powers and functions
 Article 163. Organs of the Council
 Article 164. The Economic Planning Commission
 Article 165. The Legal and Technical Commission

 Subsection D. The Secretariat

 Article 166. The Secretariat
 Article 167. The staff of the Authority
 Article 168. International Character of the Secretariat
 Article 169. Consultation and co-operation with international and non-governmental organizations

 Subsection E. The Enterprise

 Article 170. The Enterprise

 Subsection F. Financial Arrangements of the Authority

 Article 171. Funds of the Authority
 Article 172. Annual budget of the Authority
 Article 173. Expenses of the Authority
 Article 174. Borrowing power of the Authority
 Article 175. Annual audit

 Subsection G. Legal Status, Privileges and Immunities

 Article 176. Legal status
 Article 177. Privileges and immunities
 Article 178. Immunity from legal process
 Article 179. Immunity from search and any form of seizure
 Article 180. Exemption from restrictions, regulations, controls and moratoria
 Article 181. Archives and official communications of the Authority
 Article 182. Privileges and Immunities of certain persons connected with the Authority
 Article 183. Exemption from taxes and customs duties

 Subsection H. Suspension of the exercise of rights and privileges of Members

 Article 184. Suspension of the exercise of voting rights
 Article 185. Suspension of exercise of rights and privileges of membership

 SECTION 5. SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES AND ADVISORY OPINIONS

 Article 186. Sea-Bed Disputes Chamber of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
 Article 187. Jurisdiction of the Sea-Bed Disputes Chamber
 Article 188. Submission of disputes to a special chamber of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea or an ad hoc chamber of the Sea-Bed Disputes Chamber or to binding commercial arbitration
 Article 189. Limitation on jurisdiction with regard to decisions of the Authority
 Article 190. Participation and appearance of sponsoring States Parties in proceedings
 Article 191. Advisory opinions

 PART XII. PROTECTION AND PRESERVATION OF
 THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT

 SECTION 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

 Article 192. General obligation
 Article 193. Sovereign right of States to exploit their natural resources
 Article 194. Measures to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment
 Article 195. Duty not to transfer damage or hazards or transform one type of pollution into another
 Article 196. Use of technologies or introduction of alien or new species

 SECTION 2. GLOBAL AND REGIONAL CO-OPERATION

 Article 197. Co-operation on a global or regional basis
 Article 198. Notification of imminent or actual damage
 Article 199. Contingency plans against pollution
 Article 200. Studies, research programmes and exchange of information and data
 Article 201. Scientific criteria for regulations

 SECTION 3. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE

 Article 202. Scientific and technical assistance to developing States
 Article 203. Preferential treatment for developing States

 SECTION 4. MONITORING AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

 Article 204. Monitoring of the risks or effects of pollution
 Article 205. Publication of reports
 Article 206. Assessment of potential effects of activities

 SECTION 5. INTERNATIONAL RULES AND NATIONAL LEGISLATION TO PREVENT, REDUCE AND CONTROL POLLUTION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT

 Article 207. Pollution from land-based sources
 Article 208. Pollution from sea-bed activities
 Article 209. Pollution from activities in the Area
 Article 210. Pollution by dumping
 Article 211. Pollution from vessels
 Article 212. Pollution from or through the atmosphere

 SECTION 6. ENFORCEMENT

 Article 213. Enforcement with respect to pollution from landbased sources
 Article 214. Enforcement with respect to pollution from  seabed activities
 Article 215. Enforcement with respect to pollution from activities in the Area
 Article 216. Enforcement with respect to pollution by dumping
 Article 217. Enforcement by flag States
 Article 218. Enforcement by port States
 Article 219. Measures relating to seaworthiness of vessels to avoid pollution
 Article 220. Enforcement by coastal States
 Article 221. Measures to avoid pollution arising from maritime casualties
 Article 222. Enforcement with respect to pollution from or through the atmosphere

 SECTION 7. SAFEGUARDS

 Article 223. Measures to facilitate proceedings
 Article 224. Exercise of powers of enforcement
 Article 225. Duty to avoid adverse consequences in the exercise of the powers of enforcement
 Article 226. Investigation of foreign vessels
 Article 227. Non-discrimination with respect to foreign vessels
 Article 228. Suspension and restrictions on institution of proceedings
 Article 229. Institution of civil proceedings
 Article 230. Monetary penalties and the observance of recognized rights of the accused
 Article 231. Notification to the flag State and other States concerned
 Article 232. Liability of States arising from enforcement measures
 Article 233. Safeguards with respect to straits used for international navigation

 SECTION 8. ICE-COVERED AREAS

 Article 234. Ice-covered areas

 SECTION 9. RESPONSIBILITY AND LIABILITY

 Article 235. Responsibility and liability

 SECTION 10. SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY

 Article 236. Sovereign immunity

 SECTION 11. OBLIGATIONS UNDER 01 HER CONVENTIONS ON THE PROTECTION AND PRESERVATION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT

 Article 237. Obligations under other conventions on the protection and preservation of the marine environment

 PART XIII. MARINE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

 SECTION 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

 Article 238. Right to conduct marine scientific research
 Article 239. Promotion of marine scientific research
 Article 240. General principles for the conduct of marine scientific research
 Article 241. Non-recognition of marine scientific research activities as the legal basis for claims

 SECTION 2. INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATION

 Article 242. Promotion of international co-operation
 Article 243. Creation of favourable conditions
 Article 244.  Publication and dissemination of information  and knowledge

 SECTION 3. CONDUCT AND PROMOTION OF MARINE
 SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

 Article 245. Marine scientific research in the territorial sea
 Article 246. Marine scientific research in the exclusive economic zone and on the continental shelf
 Article 247. Marine scientific research projects undertaken by or under the auspices of international organizations
 Article 248. Duty to provide information to the coastal State
 Article 249. Duty to comply with certain conditions
 Article 250. Communications concerning marine scientific research projects
 Article 251. General criteria and guidelines
 Article 252. Implied consent
 Article 253. Suspension or cessation of marine scientific research activities
 Article 254. Rights of neighbouring land-locked and geographically disadvantaged States
 Article 255. Measures to facilitate marine scientific research and assist research vessels
 Article 256. Marine scientific research in the Area
 Article 257. Marine scientific research in the water column beyond the exclusive economic zone

 SECTION 4. SCIENTIFIC IC RESEARCH INSTALLATIONS OR
 EQUIPMENT IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT

 Article 258. Deployment and use
 Article 259. Legal status
 Article 260. Safety zones
 Article 261. Non-interference with shipping routes
 Article 262. Identification markings and warning signals

 SECTION 5. RESPONSIBILITY AND LIABILITY

 Article 263. Responsibility and liability

 SECTION 6. SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES AND INTERIM
 MEASURES

 Article 264. Settlement of disputes
 Article 265. Interim measures
 

 PART XIV. DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFER OF
 MARINE TECHNOLOGY

 SECTION 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

 Article 266. Promotion of the development and transfer of marine technology
 Article 267. Protection of legitimate interests
 Article 268. Basic objectives
 Article 269. Measures to achieve the basic objectives

 SECTION2. INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATION

 Article 270. Ways and means of international co-operation
 Article 271. Guidelines, criteria and standards
 Article 272. Co-ordination of international programmes
 Article 273. Co-operation with international organizations and the Authority
 Article 274. Objectives of the Authority

 SECTION 3. NATIONAL AND REGIONAL MARINE SCIENTIFIC
 AND TECHNOLOGICAL CENTRES

 Article 275. Establishment of national centres
 Article 276. Establishment of regional centres
 Article 277. Functions of regional centres

 SECTION 4. CO-OPERATION AMONG INTERNATIONAL
 ORGANIZATIONS

 Article 278. Co-operation among international organizations
 

 PART XV. SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES

 SECTION 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

 Article 279. Obligation to settle disputes by peaceful means
 Article 280. Settlement of disputes by any peaceful means chosen by the parties
 Article 281. Procedure where no settlement has been reached by the parties
 Article 282. Obligations under general, regional or  bilateral agreements
 Article 283. Obligation to exchange views
 Article 284. Conciliation
 Article 285. Application of this section to disputes submitted pursuant to Part XI

 SECTION 2. COMPULSORY PROCEDURES ENTAILING
 BINDING DECISIONS

 Article 286. Application of procedures under this section
 Article 287. Choice of procedure
 Article 288. Jurisdiction
 Article 289. Experts
 Article 290. Provisional measures
 Article 291. Access
 Article 292. Prompt release of vessels and crews
 Article 293. Applicable law
 Article 294. Preliminary proceedings
 Article 295. Exhaustion of local remedies
 Article 296. Finality and binding force of decisions

 SECTION 3. LIMITATIONS AND EXCEPTIONS TO
 APPLICABILITY OF SECTION 2

 Article 297. Limitations on applicability of section 2
 Article 298. Optional exceptions to applicability of section 2
 Article 299. Right of the parties to agree upon a procedure
 

 PART XVI. GENERAL PROVISIONS

 Article 300. Good faith and abuse of rights
 Article 301. Peaceful uses of the seas
 Article 302. Disclosure of information
 Article 303. Archaeological and historical objects found at sea
 Article 304. Responsibility and liability for damage
 

 PART XVII. FINAL PROVISIONS

 Article 305. Signature
 Article 306. Ratification and formal confirmation
 Article 307. Accession
 Article 308. Entry into force
 Article 309. Reservations and exceptions
 Article 310. Declarations and statements
 Article 311. Relation to other conventions  and  international agreements
 Article 312. Amendment
 Article 313. Amendment by simplified procedure
 Article 314. Amendments to the provisions of this Convention relating exclusively to activities in the Area
 Article 315. Signature, ratification of, accession to and authentic texts of amendments
 Article 316. Entry into force of amendments
 Article 317. Denunciation
 Article 318. Status of Annexes
 Article 319. Depositary
 Article 320. Authentic texts

 ANNEXES

 I.  HIGHLY MIGRATORY SPECIES
 II.  COMMISSION ON THE LIMITS OF THE CONTINENTAL SHELF
 III. BASIC CONDITIONS OF PROSPECTING, EXPLORATION AND EXPLOITATION
 IV. STATUTE OF THE ENTERPRISE
 V.  CONCILIATION
 VI.  STATUTE OF THE INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNAL FOR THE LAW OF THE SEA
 VII. ARBITRATION
 VIII. SPECIAL ARBITRATION
 IX.  PARTICIPATION BY INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
 

The States Parties to this Convention,

 Prompted by the desire to settle, in a spirit of mutual understanding  and co-operation, all issues relating to the law of the sea and aware  of the historic significance of this Convention as an important contribution to the maintenance of peace, justice and progress for all the peoples of the world,

 Noting that developments since the United Nations Conferences on the  Law of the Sea held at Geneva in 1958 and 1960 have accentuated the  need for a new and generally acceptable Convention on the law of the sea,

 Conscious that the problems of ocean space are closely interrelated and need to be considered as a whole,

 Recognising the desirability of establishing, through this Convention,  with due regard for the sovereignty of all States, a legal order for  the seas and oceans which will facilitate international communication and will promote the peaceful uses of the seas and oceans, the equitable  and  efficient utilization of  their  resources,  the conservation of their living resources and the study, protection and preservation of the marine environment,

 Bearing in mind that the achievement of these goals w ill contribute to the realization of a just and equitable international economic order which takes into account the interests and needs of mankind as a whole  and, in particular, the special interests and needs  of developing countries, whether coastal or land-locked,

 Desiring by this Convention to develop the principles embodied in resolution 2749 (XXV) of 17 December 1970 in which the General Assembly of the United Nations solemnly declared inter alia that the area of the sea-bed and ocean floor and the subsoil thereof, beyond the limits of national jurisdiction, as well as its resources, are the common heritage of mankind, the exploration and exploitation of which shall  be carried out for the benefit of mankind as a whole, irrespective of the geographical location of States,

 Believing that the codification and progressive development of the law of the sea achieved in this Convention will contribute to the strengthening of peace, security, co-operation and friendly relations among all nations in conformity with the principles of justice and equal rights and will promote the economic and social advancement of all peoples of the world, in accordance with the Purposes and Principles of the United Nations as set forth in the Charter,

 Affirming that matters not regulated by this Convention continue to be governed by the rules and principles of general international law,
 

 Have agreed as follows:
 

PART I

 INTRODUCTION

 Article 1. Use of terms and scope

 1. For the purposes of this Convention:

 (1) 'Area' means the sea-bed and ocean floor and subsoil thereof, beyond the limits of national jurisdiction;

 (2) 'Authority' means the International Sea-Bed Authority;

 (3) 'activities in the Area' means all activities of exploration for, and exploitation of, the resources of the Area:

 (4) 'pollution of the marine environment' means the introduction by man, directly or indirectly, of substances or energy into the marine environment, including estuaries, which results or is likely to result in such deleterious effects as harm to living resources and marine life,  hazards to human health, hindrance to marine activities, including fishing and other legitimate uses of the sea, impairment of quality for use of sea water and reduction of amenities;

 (5) (a) 'dumping' means:

 (i) any deliberate disposal of wastes or other matter from vessels, aircraft, platforms or other man-made structures at sea;

 (ii) any deliberate disposal of vessels, aircraft, platforms or other man-made structures at sea.

 (b) 'dumping' does not include:

 (i) the disposal of wastes or other matter incidental to, or derived from the normal operations of vessels, aircraft, platforms or other man-made structures at sea and their equipment, other than wastes or other matter transported by or to vessels, aircraft, platforms or other man-made structures at sea, operating for the purpose of disposal of such matter or derived from the treatment of such wastes or other matter on such vessels, aircraft, platforms or structures;

 (ii) placement of matter for a purpose other than the mere disposal thereof, provided that such placement is not contrary to the aims of this Convention.

 2. (1) 'States Parties' means States which have consented to be bound by this Convention and for which this Convention is in force.

 (2) This Convention applies mutatis mutandis to the entities referred to in Article 305, paragraph 1 (b), (c), (d), (e) and (f), which become Parties to this Convention in accordance with the conditions relevant to each, and to that extent 'States Parties' refers to those entities.